Counseling Children and Adolescents: Working in School and Clinical Mental Health Settings by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: azw3
ISBN: 9781138200579
Publisher: Taylor and Francis
Published: 2017-06-25T16:00:00+00:00

Assessment of Intelligence

There is a vast array of definitions for intelligence and many theorists have proposed different ways to conceptualize the construct of intelligence. Scholars disagree on whether there is one general intellectual ability, several intellectual abilities, or multiple intelligences that are separate from each other. Nonetheless, many scholars generally agree that intelligence includes the development of cognitive abilities (i.e. acquiring knowledge, reasoning, problem-solving), and therefore intelligence tests may focus on measuring a variety of cognitive abilities (Drummond et al., 2016).

There are numerous intelligence tests that professionals may use to assess for intelligence. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA, 2004) requires the use of intelligence tests to assess for intellectual disabilities, and professionals may also use them to assess for specific learning disabilities, or giftedness (Kranzler and Floyd, 2013). Some intelligence tests are designed for individual administration while others are designed for group administration. Additionally, there are non-verbal intelligence tests designed for individuals who may have difficulty with the verbal tests, such as individuals with language or hearing problems. Nonverbal intelligence tests require no verbal instructions from the individual administering the test and all test-taker responses are nonverbal. There are also brief intelligence tests that are typically used for screening purposes. Most intelligence tests require a “C”-level qualification of the administrator. However, the Kauffman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT-2; Kauffman and Kauffman, 2004b) is an example of a brief intelligence test that level “B” users would be qualified to administer. Although counselors will not administer most intelligence tests, children or caregivers may ask them to interpret the scores on the assessment. Therefore, it is important that counselors have an understanding of scoring terms. Table 9.6 provides a list of well-known individual, group, non-verbal, and brief intelligence tests.

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